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Historical Background Civil War

Transcript: Commerce ruled the North and King Cotton ruled South Industrial Revolution, advances in transportation, immigration. plantations and slavery defined the south No one knew what to do with the fugitive slaves Civil War starts North V.S. Antietam, 26,000 Vicksburg siege of Vicksburg Sumter Fort Sumter surrender 600,000 died Abe Lincoln died The Wild West was disappearing It was gone by1890 Fields and pastures replaced prairie Indian nation disappeared Big Ranches took over Industrialization changes American Economy and Society. Homestead Act of 1862- promised 160 acres Farmers flocked over and miners fo west hoping for gold Began in the 1800's 2nd industrial revolution Enjoy electric Lights, Phones, cars, etc Immigrants provided cheap labor and disease were the norm for working class Industrial giant lived like kings Transformed everyday life becasue of all the pleasures and problems cities expandd rapidly Electric Society Prelude To War Historical Background By: Ana, Cheyenne, Alan, Ben, Briann Americans go west The Frontier Disapears Brother Against Brother

Civil War Background

Transcript: Civil War Literature Background The war began as the result of a dispute between certain southern states and certain northern slates regarding slavery and the taxation of cotton exports. The Civil War made a tremendous impact. Numerous authors have written about the events and background both from a literary and historical perspective. One of the most famous works of literature related to the Civil War is The Red Badge of Courage, by Stephen Crane (which we do not read) What, if anything, did the Civil War accomplish? First of all, America's slaves were immediately set free. Secondly, the cotton farmers of New England were required to pay a twelve percent duty on all exported cotton balls, swabs, and dungarees. Family Life during the Civil War The Civil War split families and friends. Brothers fought brothers on the battlefield. Three brothers of Mrs. Abraham Lincoln died fighting for the South. As men left for war, women had to step in to fill their place. Women took up roles as factory workers, clerks and school teachers. As the number of sick and wounded increased, women also took on the role as nurses. WHAT ARE WE READING? An Occurence at Owl Creek Bridge Set during the American Civil War, "An Occurrence at Owl Creek Bridge" is the story of Peyton Farquhar, a Confederate sympathizer condemned to death by hanging upon the Owl Creek Bridge of the title Author: Ambrose Bierce Type of Work: Short Story Published: 1890 Pay attention to the elements of a short story: -plot -characterization -foreshadowing -irony -literary devices (imagery, etc...) Author's life Bierce separated from his wife in 1888 after discovering compromising letters to her from an admirer, and the couple finally divorced in 1904 Bierce disappeared in Mexico at the age of 71... while completing a tour of Civil War areas. He decided to go to Mexico to get a perspective on their revolution (He was a journalist) and he was never heard from again. He was wounded during the Civil War... How do you think the Civil War influenced his writing? The United States Civil War was the bloodiest conflict in American History, claiming more lives than The American Revolutionary War, World War I, World War II, The War against Switzerland, The War of 1812, and the Vietnam War combined.

Civil War Background :)

Transcript: Civil War Background :) The Civil War began in 1861 and ended in 1865. It was fought between Confederate and Union states. The cause of the civil war was slavery and sectionalism. Southerners were in favor of the slavery mostly because they owned plantations in which they needed slaves in order to grow cash crop which was their way of making money. On the other hand northerners were against slavery but they didn't need slaves because they owned factories. but things really got bad when Abraham Lincoln won the election of 1860 by 180 electorial votes. when this happened the southern states seceded from the United States. They called themsevlfs the confederate states. These states included South Carolina, Mississippi, Florida, Alabama, Georgia, Louisiana, Texas, Virginia, Arkansas, North Carolina, and Tennessee. The North consisted of the remaining 25 states which were located in the north. The North was also called the Union in order symbolize that they wanted the United States to remain a single country and union. The North was bigger and had more industry than the South, they had a lot more people, resources, and wealth giving them an advantage in the civil war. Even though they had alll this advantage the first three years of the civil war still went in favor of the south. The first war to go in favor of the south was the battle of gettysburg. THE CIVIL WAR: BATTLE OF GETTYSBURG

Background of civil war

Transcript: Through History rosita 6 la migliore The background of the civil war By Core, Marchetti, Rosati,Talamonti, Scartozzi, Cavatappi, Leo, Di Monte, Ash, Emanuele, Fioravanti, Paduano King Charles I. The King's power IIt comes from God, so the King had right to absolute power. Thanks to that, he started war against France and Scotland, so he rose taxes, causing the conflicts between him and the Parliment, which was against king's absolutism. The Parliament The Parliament It was divided in House of Lords (Lords and bishops) and House of Commons (Members elected by towns and boroughs): they had to purpouse taxes and laws to the King. They were divided in royalists (Nobles who supported the King) and parliamentarians (middle-class and little noblity who worshipped a costitutional monarchy). The royalists were Anglicans, while parliamentarians were Puritans. The start of Civil War Why the war started In order to support the costs of wars against Scotland and France, King Charles I put more taxes on people, without parliament's consent. Furthermore, he imposed an arcibishop laud to control bishops. Due to that, the Parliament had many conflicts with the King, which was the reason of his attempted dissolution, failed. The consequences of these action was the start of Civil War.

Civil War Presentation

Transcript: Dred Scott v. Stanford John Brown and the Raid at Harpers Ferry Brown stood on October 26, was found guilt of treason five days later and was hanged on December 2nd. Abolitionists used Brown's execution and the executions of some of his fellow raiders as examples that the government was pro-slavery. John Brown became a martyr for their cause. "Dred Scott Case." PBS: Public Broadcasting Service. Web. 25 Nov. 2011. <http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/aia/part4/4h2933.html>. "Dred Scott." PBS: Public Broadcasting Service. Web. 25 Nov. 2011. <http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/aia/part4/4p2932.html>. "John Brown and the Harpers Ferry Raid." West Virginia Division of Culture and History. Web. 26 Nov. 2011. <http://www.wvculture.org/history/jnobrown.html>. After the Raid The Road to the Supreme Court 2 years after Scott's marriage, Emerson was called down to Louisiana. His slave couple followed Emerson died in 1843, his widow hired Scott and his wife to an army captain. Following this, Scott tried to buy his freedom from Ms. Emerson, but she declined. He proceeded to seek freedom through the judiciary system. Due to his extended stays in Illinois and Wisconsin, Scott was given legal standing to sue for freedom Scott and his new master then moved to the free state of illinois From there, Emerson and Scott went to a fort in Wisconsin Territory after staying in Illinois for two and a half years While in Wisconsin Territory, Dred Scott married Harriet Robinson Following the marriage, ownership of Robinson was transferred to Emerson Dred Scott (Cont) Early Court Trouble Scott first went to trial in 1847 in St Louis. He lost on a technicality - Scott couldnt prove that he and his wife were owned by Emerson's widow In 1848, the Missouri Supreme Court retired the Case In 1850, there was a retrial where the St Louis Circuit Court declared that Scott and his family were free. The decsion also declared that the Compromise of 1820 was unconstitutional Frederick Douglass was optomisitc and believed that the verdict would bring the issue of slavery to the forefront and lead to the end of slavery. The final ruling also played a part in the nomination of Lincoln as the canidate for the Rupbulication party and his subsequent election Works Cited The Supreme Court made a final decision on the case in 1857 The decison, read in March of 1857, stated that because Dred Scott was black he was not a U.S. citizen and thus he had no right to sue Even though the Dec;aration of Independence states "all men are created equal", Cheif justice Roger Taney reasoned that "the enslaved African race were not intended to be included, and formed no part of the people who framed and adopted this declaration. . . ." (PBS) At 3:30, a force of Marines led by Colonel Robert E. Lee were sent to capture John Brown At 6:30 in the morning on Octiber 18. Lee's forces breached the engine house where Brown was staying with his remaining men and prisoners. Through out the whole incident, 8 of Brown's men died along with 2 free African Americans, 2 citizens of Harpers Ferry and a few armory workers were all killed John Brown himself suffered a sword wound in the final scuffle. Born in Conneticut in 1800 Grew interested in the Abolitionist movement in 1835 20 years later he moved to Kansas; a state where slavery was a heavily debated topic Leading up to his attack on Harpers Ferry; Brown and his sons killed five men who supported slavery. A Colony for Runaway Slaves Effects of the Final Verdict Born around 1800 He was a slave, his master was Peter Blow They moved from the slave state of Virginia to Alabama and from Alabama to Missouri 2 years after the move to Missouri in 1830, Scott's master died He was bought by Dr. John Emerson who was an army surgeon In order to execute his attack, Brown took up residence near Harpers Ferry in the summer of 1859 under the alias Issac Smith He trained a force of twenty two men in military tactics and on the nigh of October 16, 1859 they struck The raiders captured the fort by the next morning, but the victory was short lived Early on the morning of October 17, the local militia surrounded the armory and cut off the raiders's escape routes. The news of the attack reached Washington D.C at noon that day when a train, that had passed through Harpers Ferry the night before, stationed itself in the capital. Two years later the Missouri Supreme Court reversed the ruling Scott brought the case to the United States Circuit Court where the reversal stuck Finally the case made its way to the Supreme Court The Supreme Court's Decision John Brown The Raiders are Defeated Brown and his sons fled after the killings and spent the next three years collecting money from wealthy abolitionists so he could set up a colony for runaway slaves To fully realize his goal however, he was going to need weapons Harpers Ferry, Virginia was the location of one of the two national amories established by President Washington in 1796 Brown decided to strike here, Dred Scott Success

Civil War Presentation

Transcript: The Roles of Women in the American Civil War “I’m left all alone.” ~ farm woman • Woman needed help from their sons and husbands to do the labour on the farms. • Some women even requested that their men be sent home from the war to help. • These requests were seldom granted. • Many farms had to be sold because the women could not keep up with the labour and the taxes. The draft had taken most male farmers. As a result women had to among other things: • hoe potatoes and corn, • plow, drag and sow wheat, • milk cows to make butter and cheese. Men would advise women of how to tend to the farms through letters. Some of the food the women had to make went to imprisonment officers. Subsequently, the women were continually working harder and getting less and less for themselves. Women were thrown in jail for stealing as trying to provide for their family. • In Massachusetts 20% of inmates were women at the outset of the war. • By the end of the war that figure had tripled to 60%. • In New York’s “Sing Sing” prison the female inmate percentage doubled during the war. • In the Detroit House of Corrections half of the inmates were women. * Became Nurses because of the cause * Aid for th Government * Be there of their loved ones * Earn an income * Prove progression * The Poor were more vulnerable... * Single, married, widowed *Many were school teachers * Ages varied: 17-50 years of age * Washing and feeding the sick, assisting in operations and amputations, and visiting with the wounded, checks ups, changing dressings on wounds. *Taking part in surgeries (many of which were amputations.) *pneumonia, dysentery, typhoid fever, measles VERY common dieases. *Reading newspapers to the men, and helped them write letters to their families. • Had notable impact upon the men they tended and served under. • They helped and saved many lives • They help create a new stand point for women • Women nurses changed political views of the American women • There were many social impacts that women had they had created a very and different reputation for women greatly in America. • Many new establishments were built because of nurses. Rose O'Neal Greenhow Greenhowe was well connected with Washington's elite allowing her to gather information to aid the Confederate cause She communicated with Lieutenant Colonel Jordan by lowering and raising blinds! Her most notable accomplishment was giving the Confederate an advantage for the first Battle of Bull Run She fell under Union suspicion, and was put under house arrest with her daughter and two couriers, then transferred to Old Capitol Prison Even while in prison, Greenhow never stopped trying to pass information on Her start was far from admirable. . . she obtained information from officers, but did not try to disguise her handwriting! She soon learned a simple code, and used her charm to gain information Her most notable accomplishment was her ride on 23 May, 1862, to tell Major Douglas of the size of the Union force. This led to an important Confederate victory She was put in Old Capitol Prison at 19, and a year later landed herself in Carroll Prison Most famous for assisting in the capture of General Stoughton and his men on 8 March, 1863 She too was put in Old Capitol, but a Union commander named Major Willard fell in love with her and pressured the army for her release, which was secured in the fall of 1863 Elizabeth Van Lew aka "Crazy Bet" Edmonds infiltrated Confederate camps dressed as a black man, and Irish peddler woman and a black mammy While being "Cuff", she learned about the morale, "Quaker Cannons" and the positions. While masquerading as a black mammy, she did laundry and found a packet of papers in the pocket of an officer's coat, which she brought back to Union officers. Actress who made pro-Davis speech during a play to give herself a reputation of being pro-secession Assumed a variety of disguises, and worked specifically in weeding out enemy spies and tracking enemy action Sentenced to hang by General Morgan in the spring of 1863, but was saved when the Union troops took Shelbyville The former slave gathered a network of former slave spies to keep tabs on the locations of Confederate camps In 1863 Tubman and her scouts discovered the locations of explosives in the Combahee River, allowing a Union victory There are many other known female spies who contributed to the war efforts of both sides, but there is not enough time to discuss all of them. As well, the actions of some spies remain unknown to this day Sarah Emma Edmonds Union Spies •horrible living conditions on the home front •up to 20 people squished into a 12x12 room Nadine's voice through her Diary Regulation Military Service of Women Jennie Hodgers Harriet Tubman Pauline Cushman - Did not impact the outcome of the war - improved society's understanding of women's capabilities - Contributed to the progression of women's journey towrds rights and freedom. Nurses of the American Civil War Sarah Emma Edmonds Sally

Civil War Presentation

Transcript: It had the most talented officers, such as Robert E. Lee and Thomas Jackson, and most of the Southerners had been trained in a military-style upbringing and education since they were children. The War Concludes The North had a much larger population than the South. Industry took up a large part of the economy system in the North. They had considerably more resources opposed to the South. The North was prominently Republican. Prior to the war, the North took the stance of anti-slavery. Vicksburg John Brown's Raid "Uncle Tom's Cabin" was a popular book that was quick to awaken the passions of the North toward the evils of slavery. The book was written in 1852 by Harriet Beecher Stowe, who's book went into the gruesome details of slave mistreatment and the horrors of splitting up slave families. The book played a large role in that it helped keep Britain out of the Civil War because the book had influenced the British people that slavery was a horrible thing. Other literature that influenced the war included "The Impending Crisis of the South", written by Hinton R. Helper, who tried to prove that the non-slave holding Southern whites were really the ones most hurt by slavery. The South only had to fight to a draw to win, since all it had to do was keep the North from invading and taking over all of its territory. The Emancipation Proclamation Lincoln finally found a good general in Ulysses S. Grant who fought under the ideal of "immediate and unconditional surrender". Grant won at Fort Henry and Fort Donelson but had an unfortunate loss at the battle at Shiloh. At Vicksburg, Mississippi, Grant besieged the city and captured it in July of 1863. This secured the North the Mississippi River. The Union victory at the Battle of Vicksburg came the day after the Union victory at Gettysburg, and afterwards, the Confederate hope for foreign intervention was lost. Social Causes The North had a larger population, and therefore more access to soldiers to fight the battles of the Civil War. Immigration was also found in the North. They also had a lot of land. The Election of 1860 had a great impact on both the North and South and also greatly influenced the Civil War. The election included four candidates: Abraham Lincoln, Stephen Douglas, John Bell, and John Breckinridge. The election was mainly between Lincoln and Douglas. Abraham Lincoln, a Republican who was a skillful lawyer and debater, challenged Senator Stephen Douglas, who was also a talented debater, in the presidential election of 1860. Lincoln and Douglas had many debates across the nation. Lincoln won the election with only 40% popular vote. It was a very sectional race in that the North went to Lincoln, the South to Breckinridge, the "middle-ground" to Bell, and the popular-sovereignty land to Douglas. After Lincoln won presidency, South Carolina seceded from the union. Alabama, Mississippi, Florida, Georgia, Louisiana, and Texas all quickly followed after S. Carolina. The election caused the first physical split within the nation. What do you believe were the main reasons for the North's triumph over the South? Causes of the Civil War Copperheads The War Concludes Peace Democrats Military Turning Points Freeport Doctrine 630,000........Casualties 360,000........Soldiers (Killed in Action) The Emancipation Proclamation was introduced by Abraham Lincoln after the Union's victory at Antietam Creek. The Emancipation Proclamation freed the slaves in not-yet-conquered Southern territories, but slaves in the Border States and the conquered territories were not liberated since doing so might make them side with the South. The proclamation was very controversial. Many soldiers refused to fight for abolition and deserted the Union army. However, in result of the Proclamation, many slaves rose up and let their plantations. The Proclamation did succeed in one of its purposes: undermining the labor of the South. The Emancipation Proclamation gave the war a moral purpose, in ending slavery, to go with its political purpose, to reunited and restore the Union. Gettysburg Causes of the Civil War "Uncle Tom's Cabin" The Wilmost Proviso was the result of the dispute over whether any Mexican territory that America won during the Mexican war should be free or a slave territory. David Wilmot introduced an amendment stating that any territory acquired from Mexico would be free. This amendment passed through the House twice, but failed to pass through the Senate. It became a symbol of how intense the dispute over slavery was in America. The National Banking System was a landmark of the war, created to establish a standard bank-note currency, and banks that joined the National Banking System could buy government bonds and issue sound paper money. Crittenden Compromise I believe that the battle that was the biggest turning point in the war was the Battle at Gettysburg. Unlike the Battle at Antietam, this battle was won not on luck but on strategy and willpower. This battle was a

Civil War presentation

Transcript: He was Robert E. Lee's most trusted officer, catapulting to the rank of major general in 1861. Thomas Jackson was unfailingly effective as a leader, driving himself as hard as his men. Jackson's nickname, "Stonewall," came from his resolute stature at First Bull Run. after being shot accidentally by his own men--inspired legendary tributes. Bull Run (Manassas), 1st battleJuly 21, 1861Northern VirginiaGen. McDowell leads 30,000 men against Gen. Johnston's 22,000 Southern troops in an attempt to crush the rebels and go "On to Richmond." South scores victory as Union troops flee back to Washington in disarray. McDowell replaced by Gen. McClellan Ambrose Burnside's roller-coaster military career included early Civil War successes, promotion to major general, a bloody draw at Antietam, and selection as general of all Union armies, succeeding his friend George McClellan. But two spectacular failures--the "Burnside mud march" and the "Burnside mine"--led to his first retirement, his return, and final removal from command. Later he served as Rhode Island's governor and U.S. Senator. Clara Barton September-December 1864. GeorgiaGen. Sherman destroys Atlanta and then sends troops on 300 mile destructive march to the sea. Railroads torn up, buildings destroyed, crops burned in an attempt to break the will of the South The West Point graduate and Mexican War veteran replaced Ambrose Burnside after the disastrous Union campaign at Fredericksburg, but Joseph Hooker fell out of favor with his superiors by 1864. Denied promotion from major general to lieutenant general, Hooker then chose to end his participation in the war. Nicknamed "Fighting Joe" for his reputed exploits at Williamsburg, Hooker would remain in the Army, however, until an 1868 stroke forced him to retire. Robert E. Lee Later called "the angel of the battlefield," Clara Barton began attending to wounded Union soldiers after the early losses at Bull Run, and her courage in the face of danger soon became legendary. Recognizing the soldiers’ dire need for medical supplies, Barton began orchestrating donations and distributing necessary medicines and materials. Years later, Clara Barton went on to found the American Red Cross, affiliated with the International Red Cross on April 1861 . location Charleston, South Carolina . Lincoln decides to supply Ft. Sumter, but wants the South to fire the first shot. Bull Run Civil War Significant Dorothea Dix March-July 1862. Location Southern Virginia . McClellan decides to attack Richmond via the South. He moves his large army down the Potomac, marches on Richmond, and then assumes a defensive position ratherthan pushing for victory. Gen. Lee takes command of Southern troops Regarded as the war's finest general, Robert E. Lee was a master of the organization of war. The country's most experienced general in 1861, he declined Lincoln's offer to head the Union Army, even though he opposed slavery. As head of the Confederate Army, Lee projected a deep sense of duty and honor, nicknamed the "Marble Model." President of Washington College after the war, he lost his family home, Arlington, now the nation's largest military cemetery. Eli Whitney Engineer Eli Whitney died 35 years before the Civil War, but his most famous invention, the cotton gin, set the economic stage for war. Whitney's gin made cotton production far more efficient, fueling the need for more Southern slaves and enriching powerful planters. Another Whitney invention--muskets with interchangeable components--inaugurated manufacturing systems for producing uniform parts, without which the U.S. economy might never have produced enough weapons to fight such a lengthy war. Gettysburg Joseph Hooker South Carolina secedes Devante Lowe Antietam September 1862MarylandHeavily outnumbered, Lee's troops face McClellan in bloody fighting. Over 23,000 casualties (more than all previous American wars combined). Lee retreats to Virginia As wartime leader of the Union's Women Nurses, impressing even General Sherman. Her standards were so high that many volunteers were turned away from battlefield postings. A schoolteacher by training, she later became an ardent crusader for reforms in treatment of the mentally ill in prisons, asylums, and elsewhere. Dix's articulate arguments gained her worldwide attention. Antietam on December, 1860 . South Carolina On news of Lincoln's election, Atlanta to Savannah Stonewall Jackson Ambrose Burnside Peninsular Campaign (Yorktown, Seven Days' Battle, Fair Oaks) Ft. Sumter attacked July 1863 ,Pennsylvania . Over 165,000 soldiers participate in the largest battle in the Western Hemisphere. After three days of fighting, Lee retreats, leaving 4,000 dead Confederates. Total casualties: 23,000 Union, 28,000 Confederates

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